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Field marshal (United Kingdom) - Wikipedia. Field Marshal has been the highest rank in the British Army since 1. A five- star rank with NATO code OF- 1. Admiral of the Fleet in the Royal Navy or a Marshal of the Royal Air Force in the Royal Air Force (RAF).

A Field Marshal's insignia consists of two crossed batons surrounded by yellow leaves below St Edward's Crown. Like Marshals of the RAF and Admirals of the Fleet, Field Marshals traditionally remain officers for life, though on half- pay when not in an appointment.

The rank has been used sporadically throughout its history and was vacant during parts of the 1. After the Second World War, it became standard practice to appoint the Chief of the Imperial General Staff (later renamed Chief of the General Staff) to the rank on his last day in the post. Army officers occupying the post of Chief of the Defence Staff, the professional head of all the British Armed Forces, were usually promoted to the rank upon their appointment. In total, 1. 41 men have held the rank of field marshal. The majority led careers in the British Army or the British Indian Army, rising through the ranks to eventually become a field marshal.

Some members of the British Royal Family—most recently Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, and Charles, Prince of Wales—were promoted to the rank after shorter periods of service. Three British monarchs—George V, Edward VIII, and George VI— assumed the rank on their accessions to the throne, while Edward VII was already a field marshal, and two British consorts—Albert, Prince Consort and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh—were appointed by their respective queens. Other ceremonial appointments were made as diplomatic gestures. Twelve foreign monarchs held the honour, though three (Wilhelm II, German Emperor; Franz Joseph I, Austrian Emperor; and Hirohito, Emperor of Japan) were stripped of it when their countries became enemies of Britain and her allies in the two world wars. Also awarded the rank were two distinguished foreign military officers, honoured for their contributions to World War I and World War II respectively, and one foreign statesman. A report commissioned by the Ministry of Defence in 1.

Part of the rationale was that these ranks were disproportionate to the size of the forces commanded by these officers and that none of the United Kingdom's close allies, such as the United States (which reserves the rank of general of the army for officers who have commanded large armies in major wars), used such ranks. The recommendation was not taken up in full, but the practice of promoting service chiefs to five- star ranks was stopped and the ranks are now reserved for special circumstances. Sir Peter Inge was, in 1.

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Inge relinquished the post of Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) in 1. Sir Charles Guthrie, was the first officer not to be promoted upon appointment as CDS. The most recent promotions to field marshal came in 2. Queen Elizabeth II promoted Prince Charles, her son and heir apparent, to the five- star ranks in all three services, in recognition of support provided for her in her capacity as Commander- in- Chief of the British Armed Forces.[4] At the same time, Guthrie, who relinquished the post of CDS and retired from active service in 2. In June 2. 01. 4 former Chief of the Defence Staff Lord Walker of Aldringham was also promoted to honorary field marshal.

Insignia of rank[edit]The rank insignia of a field marshal in the British Army comprises two crossed batons in a wreath of oak leaves, with a crown above. In some other countries, historically under the sphere of British influence, an adapted version of the insignia is used for field marshals, often with the crown being replaced with an alternative cultural or national emblem. On appointment, British field marshals are awarded a gold- tipped baton which they may carry on formal occasions. Watch Walter Online Facebook. List of field marshals[edit].

Four field marshals were also recipients of the Victoria Cross, the UK's highest award for gallantry. The vast majority of officers to hold the rank of field marshal were professional soldiers in the British Army, though eleven served as officers in the British Indian Army. At least fifty- seven field marshals were wounded in battle earlier in their careers, of whom 2. Fifteen future field marshals were present at the Battle of Vitoria, where the Duke of Wellington earned the rank, and ten others served under Wellington at the Battle of Waterloo. However, only thirty- eight held independent commands in the field, and just twelve served as Commander- in- Chief of the Forces (the pre- 1. Chief of the Imperial General Staff during a major war. Four field marshals—Sir Evelyn Wood, Sir George White, Earl Roberts, and Lord Gort—had previously received the Victoria Cross (VC), the United Kingdom's highest and most prestigious award for gallantry "in the face of the enemy".

Wood, a famously injury- prone officer, was awarded the VC for two actions in 1. India and later rescued an informant from another group of rebels.

White, a cavalry officer, led two charges on enemy guns in Afghanistan in 1. Gort, of the Grenadier Guards, commanded a series of attacks while severely wounded during the First World War in 1. Roberts received his VC for actions during the Indian Mutiny. Wellington, 4. 4 at the time of his promotion, was the youngest non- royal officer to earn the rank of field marshal. Charles Moore, 1st Marquess of Drogheda was the oldest, promoted at the age of 9. Wellington was also the only field marshal to become Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, though several others served as cabinet ministers.

No officer whose career was spent in the British Army has ever reached the rank of field marshal without having served in the cavalry, infantry, Royal Armoured Corps, Royal Artillery or Royal Engineers. Two non- British officers have been appointed field marshals in the British Army—Ferdinand Foch of France and Sir Thomas Blamey of Australia, in recognition of their contributions in the First and Second World Wars respectively—while only one, Sir William Robertson, held every rank in the British Army, from private soldier to field marshal.[1. Titles and styles are those held by the field marshal when they died, or those currently held in the case of living field marshals; in most cases, these are not the same as the titles and styles held by an officer upon their promotion to the rank, nor (in the case of operational field marshals) those held when the officer retired from active service. All post- nominal letters, with the exception of "VC" (denoting the Victoria Cross) are omitted.^The regiment given is the regiment into which the field marshal was commissioned. This is not necessarily the regiment the officer first joined, nor is it necessarily the regiment in which the officer spent most of his career. A "—" indicates either that the officer did not lead a career in the British Army or that the officer was not initially commissioned into a formal regiment.

References[edit]Footnotes. General. Specific.